Policy papers

For the fourth consecutive year, Russia has systematically targeted Ukraine’s energy infrastructure in an attempt to render cities uninhabitable, disrupt the economy, and create a large-scale humanitarian crisis. By spring 2024, relentless missile and drone strikes had reduced Ukraine’s electricity capacity from 36 GW to just 9 GW, with further losses expected ahead of the 2024/25 winter season. Despite Ukraine’s efforts to import electricity from European partners, the projected shortage of 4-5 GW poses a severe challenge.

This update highlights Russia’s escalating tactics, including precision-guided strikes on thermal, hydro, and combined heat and power plants, pushing Ukraine’s power grid to a critical state. As of early 2025, Russia has carried out at least 15 massive waves of attacks, making energy security a top priority for Ukraine and its international partners.